Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common eye conditions among older adults and a leading cause of vision loss. AMD affects the macula, which is a small but vital spot near the center of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. When the macula is damaged, it becomes harder to clearly see objects directly in front of you, making everyday activities such as reading, driving, or recognizing faces more difficult.
Types of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Dry and Wet
There are two main types of age-related macular degeneration:
- Dry AMD – The most common form, caused by yellow deposits (called drusen) in the macula. Vision loss tends to occur gradually.
- Wet AMD – Less common but more serious. In this form, abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak blood or fluid into the macula. This causes faster and more severe vision loss. Although only about 10–15% of AMD patients develop the wet type, it accounts for the majority of significant vision loss associated with the disease.
Why Early Detection Matters
AMD often has no symptoms in its early and middle stages. Because of this, the American Optometric Association recommends annual eye exams for everyone over the age of 60, regardless of risk factors. A comprehensive eye exam, including pupil dilation, is the only way to diagnose macular degeneration early. While there is currently no cure, timely treatment and lifestyle changes can slow the progression of the disease.
Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Certain factors increase the risk of developing AMD:
- Age – Most common in people over 60.
- Race – More prevalent in Caucasians than in African-American or Hispanic populations.
- Genetics – Having a family member with AMD increases your risk.
- Lifestyle choices – Smoking doubles the risk of developing AMD. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle—regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in leafy greens and fish, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, and avoiding obesity—can lower your chances of progression.
Living with AMD
Age-related macular degeneration does not cause complete blindness, but it can significantly reduce quality of life due to central vision loss. For some, AMD progresses slowly; for others, it can rapidly impact one or both eyes.
For older adults in San Luis Obispo County, age-related macular degeneration can present unique challenges in maintaining independence and quality of life. At Senior Living Consultants, our advisors work closely with families to connect them with resources, care options, and supportive living communities tailored to the needs of individuals managing vision loss. Whether you or a loved one is facing AMD or other age-related conditions, our team is here to help you find safe and compassionate solutions.
The National Eye Institute highlights several tools and strategies that help people with AMD maintain independence, such as:
- High-powered reading glasses
- Handheld or video magnifiers
- Large-print books and materials
- Talking clocks, watches, and calculators
- Computers with large-print or speech-output software
- Closed-circuit television systems that enlarge printed text
With these adaptive devices and support from eye care professionals, many individuals with AMD continue to enjoy daily activities and maintain a fulfilling lifestyle.